111 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... Stimulation of Na ... imports K+ into cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... Presentation seems like DKA ... , sepsis, PNA, meningitis ... exposure Symptoms: Nausea ... diagnosis #management #Treatment
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Treat underlying cause ... : • Causes can ... • With lower Na ... administered • Can cause ... hyponatremia #nephrology #treatment
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
10% of all lupus cases ... constitutional symptoms • Treatment ... Discontinuation of causal ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... life-threatening • Treatment
Trypanosoma cruzi Reactivation in the Brain- ...Magnetic resonance images of the brain showed a mass measuring
kinetoplasts (masses ... mitochondrial DNA ... 28S ribosomal RNA ... reactivation #brain #MRI #radiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification
Class I (Ia, Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel Blockade
 • Slows depolarization
(Ia, Ib, Ic) - Na ... depolarization in fast AP cells ... depolarization in slow AP cells ... Classification #Classes ... #cardiology #pharmacology
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... Treat underlying cause ... • With lower Na ... administered • This can cause ... hyponatremia #nephrology #treatment
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... Out Secondary Causes ... mutation in their DNA ... have DNA changes ... erythropoietin) • DNA
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Epithelial cells ... • Red blood cells ... • Urinary casts ... • White blood cells ... #casts #glucosuria
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... Stabilization Treatments ... Redistribution Treatments ... Drives K+ into cells