45 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... hematuria • Signs ... of glomerular disease ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... clinical context and signs ... , HIV serology, ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy Instructions
1) Spin fresh urine sample (10-15mL) in a centrifuge for 3-5 minutes - Don't
Urine Microscopy ... 1) Spin fresh urine ... If findings are ... iMedEducation #Urine ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and Disease ... and concentrated urine ... Advanced kidney disease ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
Neurogenic Ptosis - Neurologic ... disease affecting ... myopathy • Myotonic dystrophy ... function is impaired due ... Syndrome #Ptosis #neurology
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
→ "setting sun sign ... " - Vascular disease ... (stroke) Dr. ... Parinauds #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pineal #neurology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... chronic kidney diseases ... non-infectious) - Dr ... #Microscopy #nephrology ... interpretation #diagnosis
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urinalysis/microscopy ... UOP/weights - Urine ... disease — 21% ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm