26 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... vomiting) • Low ... Transcellular shifts ... Algorithm #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... hypokalemia (or low ... CaitEKulig #Digoxin #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... EABV, Low Plasma ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Lactulose: Mechanism of Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose → ↑ Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid → ↓ pH
NH4+ (relatively low ... #Lactulose #pharmacology ... ammonia #hepatology #pathophysiology
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
aldosterone which does a lot ... with excreting potassium ... will increase potassium ... , which is why potassium ... ReninAngiotensinAldosteroneSystem #RAAS #Pharmacology
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis - Illness Script
 • Epidemiology: Asian men age 20-30 with hyperthyroidism of any
and menses • Pathophysiology ... Hypokalemia +/- low ... • Treatment: Potassium ... hyperthyroidism, Potassium
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
weight loss - Low ... disturbances: low ... Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology