40 results
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Restrictive lung defect ... Demyelinating syndromes ... ) Blood (75%): Anemia ... erythematosus #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) - HELLP syndrome ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... : • Systemic lupus ... #Diagnosis #Hematology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Diagnosis
Manifestations:
 - Arthritis 69%
 - Malar rash 40%
 - Fever 36%
 -
- Hemolytic anemia ... autoantibodies #signs ... #symptoms #mimickers ... #differential # ... rheumatology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... , Drugs, Liver Disease ... : Sickle cell anemia ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome) 
An rare systemic acute febrile vasculitic syndrome. Aetiology unknown. 
Affects
Kawasaki Disease ... Affects children ... #Features #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis ... #Peds #Pediatrics
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Differential Diagnosis ... • Membrane defects ... Causes: • Liver disease ... , spider/snake bites ... classification #hematology
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
technique used to detect ... context of other symptoms ... SLE), Sjogren's Syndrome ... Arthritis, Sjögren Syndrome ... #diagnosis #differential
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... , neural tube defects ... Vitamins #Deficiency #differential ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #nutrition
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
Purpura - Differential ... - Hemolytic anemia ... Kasabach-Merritt syndrome ... Gardner-Diamond syndrome ... #Diagnosis #hematology