31 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... hypernatremia - CHF ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Acute and chronic kidney ... Drugs - SIADH Renal
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Autoimmune Post-Renal
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Algorithm Low ... oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal ... • Bartter's syndrome ... #Classification
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... protein-electrophoresis, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... • renal failure ... #Workup #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... anemia) • G-CSF ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Normal ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal ... Cystic Fibrosis, CHF ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Acute Kidney Injury ... gammopathy of renal ... cyclophosphamide) #Acute #Kidney ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Classification
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Hematuria in Post-Renal ... infections (HPV, EBV), Renal ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... #Hematuria #Renal ... #urine #management
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Syndrome ... GI losses • Renal ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... #Algorithm #Causes