34 results
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... / Symptoms: - ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
liver or kidney disease ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... Algorithm Symptoms ... quadrant discomfort Signs ... of autoimmune disease ... Positive AMA or
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... mutations - Down syndrome ... #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... failure PBC Signs ... and Symptoms: ... but elevated as disease
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... Neurogenic bladder • Urinary ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
LC deposition disease ... Minimal change disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Classification ... #Nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... hemicord lesion -> Primarily ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... reflexes) • Urinary ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
mainly AQP4-lgG disease ... (AQP4-lgG disease ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms ... #signs