44 results
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... #Endocrinology ... #Classification ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypercalcemia Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 - FHH
 - Hypercalcemia of malignancy
 - Local osteolytic hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Diagnosis ... Local osteolytic hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology ... #differential
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Clinical ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... @aishaikh #Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... and Differential ... uw_IMresidency #Hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm