64 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup ... #sodium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Syndrome of Inappropriate ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology #Differential
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Syndrome of Inappropriate ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Refeeding syndrome ... #Differential # ... #nephrology #low
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #Workup #Differential
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis
Cancer agents and Electrolyte Disorders
 • Hypocalcemia: Cisplatin from Low Mg, Cetuximab- due to low Mg
Axitinib,
Ifosfamide - Fanconi syndrome ... Trastuzumab • Hyponatremia ... Ifosfamide - Fanconi syndrome ... #chemotherapy #diagnosis ... #differential