27 results
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Young females Differential ... Diagnosis: • CN ... Ill Palsy - abnormal ... trauma/orbital tumor ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
anion gap) • Normal ... Seen in Dead Sea Drowning ... AnionGap #causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Renin secreting tumor ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... - Diarrhea pH Normal ... Renin secreting tumor ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... bone syndrome, Tumor ... #Diagnosis #Framework ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... transfusion • Tumor ... Nephropathy Renin Normal ... #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... of hypokalemia starts ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #causes #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
nonspecific; seen in normal ... diuretic use), first morning ... Urinary #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)
(aka: Landry–Guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome:
	Most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis
	Rapidly progressive ascending paralysis & areflexia
	Autonomic
Differential diagnosis ... MRI, oligoclonal bands ... paralysis but spares ... paralysis but spares ... Pain, weakness, abnormal