22 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... AKI - Differential ... vasoconstriction (e.g ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #nephrology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Edema - Differential ... Causes include: ... • A lack of acute ... level <100 pg/ml EKG ... #edema #NCPE #differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... diuretics) With edema ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... diuretics) With edema ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
 • Volume Expansion: Kidney failure, Pregnancy, Medication
Edema - Differential ... Medication side effect (e.g ... prednisone, NSAIDs), Acute ... Heart failure, Pulmonary ... • Filariasis (e.g
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
High altitude (eg ... respiratory drive due to neurologic ... edema (most common ... Intrapulmonary shunting (eg ... intracardiac shunting (eg
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... colored compounds (e.g ... heme, bilirubin, etc ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... concentration (e.g ... Recovery from Acute ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... #Differential #