19 results
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
HELLP - Grafts, Valves ... Membrane): - Autoimmune ... Drug-associated, PCH ... Defects, Drugs, Liver ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Folate deficiency, Liver ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune ... Agglutinate: Cold autoimmune ... #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Injury - Differential ... Other: NAFLD, Autoimmune ... Malignancy, 1° PBC ... #Injury #Differential ... Acute #algorithm #hepatology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
- Differential ... • Autoimmune: ... , PBC, PSC, IgG4 ... stone, Malignancy, PBC ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... • Ischemia • Autoimmune ... • Cholestatic disease ... • Others #LFTs ... #Hepatology #LiverEnzymes
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
common in SLE, autoimmune ... Dermatomyositis Anti-LKM (liver ... biliary cirrhosis (PBC ... Endomyseal antibody (EMA ... diagnosis #table #rheumatology
Diagnosis and Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI)

DILI Types:
 • Intrinsic - predictable, dose dependent
Chronic - ongoing ↑ LFTs ... disease 6-9 mo ... Calculate R-Value ... Idiosyncratic #differential ... gastroenterology #hepatology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
Spherocytosis, G6PD, PK, HbC ... - Extrinsic: Autoimmune ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver ... disease, Alcoholism ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Cold AIHA • Alloimmune ... elliptocytosis - RBC ... Cold AIHA • PCH ... Prosthetic heart valves ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Interpretation of LFTs ... R-value: Serum ... disease: > 2 ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential ... #Hepatology #transaminitis