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diagnosis differential causes algorithm rheumatology management secondary workup erythematosus microscopy oncology sle thrombocytopenia classification disorders elevatedmcv generalized hemolytic indications macrocytic
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis Hypochromia Megaloblastic Anemia Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS) Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Sickled red
Peripheral Blood ... Megaloblastic Anemia ... (e.g. ... #Peripheral #Blood ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(usually IgG) (e.g ... . lupus, CLL, lymphoma ... (usually IgM) (e.g ... deficiencies (e.g ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Congenital Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy Cancer: • Leukemia • Lymphoma Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Autoimmune Diseases: • Systemic ... lupus erythematosus ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Causes of Splenomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Infectious • Bacterial • Viral (EBV) • Parasitic • Fungal Congestive
• Thrombus (e.g ... Myeloproliferative disorders (eg ... Inflammatory • Systemic ... Lupus Erythematosus ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE) General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%) Eye: Sjögrens (15%) Skin
Lupus (SLE) General ... Demyelinating syndromes ... Glomerulonephritis Myositis(5%) Blood ... (75%): Anemia ( ... Thrombocytopenia #Lupus
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases Nail Fold Abnormality • SLE • Scleroderma • Dermatomyositis Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Disorders secondary to Systemic ... Iron deficiency anemia ... halt nail growth (e.g ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Secondary #dermatology
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) What? A subset of
lupus erythematosus ... underlying disease (eg ... • Infection (eg ... with leukopenia, anemia ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Toxic Damage (e.g ... Displacement (e.g ... Foreign Surface (e.g ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor The maturation factor is
the peripheral blood ... infiltration (e.g ... Marrow suppression (e.g ... Intrinsic RBC defects (e.g ... Production #Index #hematology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Manifestations of Systemic ... Demyelinating Syndrome ... thrombosis and/or blood-brain ... Lumbar Puncture, EEG ... CNS #neurology #rheumatology
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