69 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - EKG ... toxicity • Paget's disease ... Granulomatous disease ... Hypercalcemia #EKG ... #ECG #Electrocardiogram
Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) - Differential Diagnosis
 • Infection: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Abscess, Endocarditis,
Infected thrombosis, (e.g ... (e.g. autoimmune ... onset Still's disease ... dysfunction, Castleman disease ... , Kikuchi disease
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
Autoantibodies and their Disease ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... (TTG) - Celiac disease ... #Associations #diseases
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... Granulomatous disease ... Other endocrine diseases ... immobilization, Jansen disease
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... • Primary GNs: Disease ... Due to systemic disease ... or drugs e.g.
Causes of Pediatric Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Dietary / Functional:
 • Insufficient Volume / Bulk
Neurologic:
 •
Causes of Pediatric ... Hirschsprung's Disease ... Withholding • Painful (e.g ... Hirschsprung's Disease ... Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(usually IgG) (e.g ... (usually IgM) (e.g ... cold agglutin disease ... . sickle cell disease ... Hypersplenism, Wilson's disease
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Dysplasias • (e.g ... • Cushing's Disease ... Transplant Chronic Disease ... • GI (e.g. ... endocrinology #causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
granulomatous diseases ... Primary renal disease ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... ), Sickle cell disease ... the psychiatric disease