34 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
Autoantibodies and their Disease ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... (TTG) - Celiac disease ... #Associations #diseases
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
in tumor lysis syndrome ... specific systemic disease ... urease-producing organisms (e.g ... specific systemic disease ... Microscopy #Crystals #comparison
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
vasoconstriction (e.g ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... • Primary GNs: Disease ... Due to systemic disease ... or drugs e.g.
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
mainly AQP4-lgG disease ... (e.g. oculomotor ... mainly MOG-lgG disease ... (AQP4-lgG disease ... ; e.g. narcolepsy
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria (Negative urine ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... Minimal change disease ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... • Severe liver disease ... (e.g. advanced ... 2 HRS) • Low urine ... diagnosis #HRS #nephrology
Causes of Pediatric Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Dietary / Functional:
 • Insufficient Volume / Bulk
Neurologic:
 •
Volume / Bulk Neurologic ... Hirschsprung's Disease ... Withholding • Painful (e.g ... Hirschsprung's Disease ... Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... chronic kidney diseases ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... colored compounds (e.g ... #Microscopy #nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
BEE Syndromes - ... and less common diseases ... infections • Lyme disease ... skull neoplasms (e.g ... #neurology #noninflammatory