52 results
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
, Chronic disease ... deficiency, Liver Disease ... Chemotherapy (e.g ... , Liver disease, ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
Autoantibodies and their Disease ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... (TTG) - Celiac disease ... #Associations #diseases
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(usually IgG) (e.g ... (usually IgM) (e.g ... cold agglutin disease ... . sickle cell disease ... Hypersplenism, Wilson's disease
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
of Chronic Disease ... of Chronic Disease ... (e.g. ... Renal Disease, Liver ... Disease, Endocrinopathy
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
secondary to Systemic Diseases ... Iron deficiency anemia ... • Any systemic disease ... halt nail growth (e.g ... Medications • Wilson's disease
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Megaloblastic Anemia ... (e.g. ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... cells: Sickle cell disease ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Increased Requirement (e.g ... • Pancreatic Disease ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... • Liver Disease ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) - Differential Diagnosis
 • Infection: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Abscess, Endocarditis,
Infected thrombosis, (e.g ... (e.g. autoimmune ... onset Still's disease ... dysfunction, Castleman disease ... , Kikuchi disease
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... aciduria, Drugs (e.g ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
Chronic kidney disease ... infiltration (e.g ... Marrow suppression (e.g ... Intrinsic RBC defects (e.g ... Production #Index #hematology