10 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... tubular proteinuria, granular ... sediment • Received ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
Urine Microscopy ... “urine poker quads ... #Casts #Urine # ... Microscopy #Clinical ... #Nephrology #Sediment
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... Granular - May ... Muddy-brown" heme-granular ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
SLE patient develops
Lupus Nephritis ... > 500 mg/d • Nephritic ... urine sediment ... 5%) #Lupus #Nephritis ... #sle #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic ... ) • Granular Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... clusters because nephritic ... urine sediment ... #proteinuria #nephrotic ... #syndrome #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... Sediment (dysmorphic ... RBC, RBC casts, ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... microscopy / urinary sediment ... investigations depending on clinical ... • Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology