18 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... microscopy / urinary sediment ... investigations depending on clinical ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/ ... RBC casts ... sediment ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... sediment by microscopy ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... causes #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
at least 50% Renal ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... Sediment (dysmorphic ... RBC, RBC casts, ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... #diagnosis #renal