633 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Skin loss • Euvolemic ... , Ingestion Renal ... ) diuresis • Euvolemic
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Urine Na >30: Renal ... Cerebral salt wasting Euvolemic ... Urine Na > 30: Renal
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... • Euvolemic
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... - diuretics EUVOLEMIC ... nephrotic syndrome • renal
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
cardiac, liver, renal ... #Hypovolemic #Euvolemic
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies (CRRT) - Comparison
 - Continuous Veno-venous Hemofiltration (CVVH) utilizes convection. Replacement fluid
Continuous Renal ... administered to maintain euvolemia ... used to maintain euvolemia ... #Continuous #Renal
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... Pancreatitis, Trauma Euvolemia ... Acute or chronic renal
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic ... GI losses • Renal
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic ... GI losses • Renal
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Gitelman Syndrome Euvolemic ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal