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diagnosis differential algorithm treatment alkalosis glomerulonephritis kidney metabolic urine workup blood hematuria hyperkalemia nephritis nephrotic pathophysiology potassium rheumatology syndrome table
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
, renal, and post-renal ... Renal causes of ... vascular supply; glomerular ... GBM, Glomerular ... #Sites #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... hematuria • Signs of glomerular ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... #nephrology #potassium
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
cells - Normal • Renal ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... Diagnostic of glomerular ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Atheroemboli • Renal ... Atherosclerosis Glomerular ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Dl • Chronic Renal ... • Azotemia • Exogenous ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Management of Lupus Nephritis Lupus nephritis (LN) in 10 to 40% of SLE Hallmark = proteinuria 20.5 g/g
Management of Lupus ... or 0.5 g/day → renal ... Focal LN (<50% of glomeruli ... Diffuse LN (>50% of glomeruli ... #rheumatology #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Drugs Glomerular ... albuminuria) - Active ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Mesangiocapillary GN • Active ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... formation along glomerular ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal
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