49 results
diagnosis differential algorithm management hematology hyponatremia neurology treatment workup alkalosis classification hypokalemia metabolic pathophysiology pharmacology classes table antiarrhythmics cardiology clinical
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... ADH Present and Active ... Stress, Nausea, ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
• Azotemia • Exogenous ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism - Decreased activity ... of epithelial sodium ... (V2) receptor activity ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM) Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... Steroids (Cushing's, exogenous ... withdrawal Anatomic Causes ... RAS Metabolic Causes ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... dehydrogenase activity ... loop diuretics actively ... #nephrology
Visualizing Hypotonic Hyponatremia • UNa reveals RAAS activity. • UOsm reveals ADH activity. • ADH secretion
UNa reveals RAAS activity ... UOsm reveals ADH activity ... only when RAAS is active ... Hyponatremia #Graph #nephrology ... #diagnosis #sodium
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