20 results
Causes of Approach to Altered Level of Consciousness - Workup
Clinical Exam - Focal
 • Trauma
 •
Causes of Approach ... Non-Focal • Refer ... Blood Work and Imaging ... Encephalitis Imaging ... workup #algorithm #Causes
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
Otitis externa - Caused ... external ear, sparing ... Cranial nerve IX can refer ... Gastroesophageal reflux ... gastroesophageal reflux
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Classification Reflex ... • Prolonged standing ... bradycardia • Sinus pauses ... Classification #Table #Causes
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Reflex Syncope:
• Vasovagal: Prolonged standing, Stress, Pain
• Situational: Coughing, Sneezing, Micturition, Defecation,
Diagnosis Framework Reflex ... Vasovagal: Prolonged standing ... bradycardia, Sinus pauses
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... bulbocavernosus reflex ... wink test - reflex ... studies (PVR) Imaging ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Trypanosoma cruzi Reactivation in the Brain- ...Magnetic resonance images of the brain showed a mass measuring
on T2-weighted imaging ... on T1-weighted imaging ... kinetoplasts (masses ... #clinical #NEJM
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Keratoconus • Stromal Scaring ... - Obscure Red Reflex ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Macroglossia in Light-Chain Amyloidosis- Physical examination revealed macroglossia, with indentations from the teeth (Panel A)...A biopsy
after Congo red staining ... well-recognized cause ... AL #lightchain #NEJM
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... of normal leg reflexes ... pain (shooting, stabbing
Seesaw Nystagmus 

Sawtooth or seesaw nystagmus is an unusual but characteristic type of nystagmus. Typically there
nucleus of Cajal, sparing ... vestibulo-ocular reflex ... We have varied causes