13 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
Patterns of pulmonary ... comparison, a normal ... #Diagnosis #PFTs ... #Spirometry #FlowVolume ... #Loops #Patterns
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... Normal B. ... Neuromuscular Weakness #Diagnosis ... #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Progressive ECG changes with increasing 
hyperkalaemia. 
 (a) Normal 
 (b) Tented T wave (arrow)
with increasing hyperkalaemia ... (a) Normal (b) ... d) 'Sine wave' pattern ... arrest) #Diagnosis ... Cardiology #EKG #ECG #Hyperkalemia
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... calcitriol induced hypercalcemia ... Infantile idiopathic hypercalcemia ... @aishaikh #Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Algorithm Elevated ... PTH (High or normal ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... Nephropathy Renin Normal ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... #Algorithm #causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Clinical ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... insufficiency • Low or normal ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm GI LOSS ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Algorithm • IV ... morphology, "Sine wave" pattems ... , asystole #hyperkalemia ... potassium #high #diagnosis