1467 results
Intracranial Hemorrhages (ICH)

Epidural Hematoma vs Subdural Hematoma vs Subarachnoid Hemorrhage vs Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage

#Diagnosis #Radiology #Comparison #ICH
Hemorrhage #Hematoma #EDH ... #SDH #SAH #Epidural
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Inappropriate ADH ... physiologic stimulus to ADH ... 100 mmol/kg - ADH ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Inappropriate ADH ... physiologic stimulus to ADH ... 100 mmol/kg - ADH ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
antagonists 6) ADH ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Diagnosis Algorithm ADH ... ADH Dependent: ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
resistance to ADH ... inappropriate ADH ... #differential #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Hyponatremia: • ADH ... salt wasting • ADH ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Utilizing Uric Acid ADH ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Hypovolaemia → ADH ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Ineffective (UNa >30) • ADH ... Salt Wasting • ADH ... intake, UNa <20) • ADH ... Nephrotic syndrome) • ADH ... table #sodium #nephrology