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diagnosis differential hyponatremia hypokalemia low causes hypernatremia management pathophysiology potassium workup acutekidneyinjury aki alkalosis blood cerebral checklist chloride comparison criticalcare
General approach to AKI - Checklist Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
- Checklist Urine ... sodium excretion ... fractional excretion of sodium ... This has poor performance ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Sodium 4) Serum ... Acid → renal salt wasting ... #nephrology #sodium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... sodium and serum ... sodium low, uric ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... mimics, repeat testing ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... present on repeat testing ... including overnight testing ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... → Increased urine ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... glucosuria Low Urine ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... #nephrology
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