33 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... , Congenital adrenal ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Hypothyroidism • Adrenal ... suppression • Primary
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Hypothyroidism • Adrenal ... suppression • Primary
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... ), Primary hyperaldosteronism ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... insipidus • Primary ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Management Summary ... Primary Adrenal ... fungal infection, HIV ... hypophysitis, Sheehan's syndrome ... A STIM test can
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
High Al, Low R - Primary ... , Congenital Adrenal ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
causes • Laxative ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... , Congenital adrenal ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis