493 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #HgbA1c #Laboratory ... #Increase #Decrease
R Wave Progression - normal chest lead ECG shows an rS-type complex in lead V1 with
Progression - normal chest ... with a steady increase ... toward the left chest ... and a decrease ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Diastolic Dysfunction Grading - Echocardiography
Grade 0  (Normal):
 • E/A >0.8, e’ > 8 cm/s, E/e’
Impaired Relaxation & Decreased ... Compliance • Mild Decrease ... Filling • Moderate Decrease ... enlargement • Severe Decrease ... grades #diagnosis #cardiology
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Heart Murmur
 • Occurs during systole 
 • Crescendo-decrescendo murmur
 • Heard best
mitral areas • Increase ... dehydration) • Decrease ... Murmur #Cardiac #Cardiology
The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
that result in decreased ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest
Signs of Pulmonary Hypertension on Chest CT
 • Main PA is dilated and larger than the
Hypertension on Chest ... PHTN #ChestCT #CTChest ... #Radiology #cardiology
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... intracellular Ca -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
failure leads to an increase ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... symptoms and QOL and decreased ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Calcium Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridines vs Non-Dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines (amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine)
 • SVR: Decrease
 • Inotropy:
nicardipine) • SVR: Decrease ... verapamil) • SVR: Decrease ... • Inotropy: Decrease ... comparison #table #cardiology
The arrows point to a subendocardial region with poor contrast enhancement due to ischemia. This is
Clinical #EM #IM #Cardiology ... #Radiology #CTChest