40 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... ferroportin → Decreased ... ferroportin leads to decreased ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
Typically the JVP decreases ... there is a lack of decrease ... or increase in ... physicalexam #diagnosis #cardiology ... #differential #causes
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... nodal conduction Uses ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Stages #Classes
Kussmaul's sign in Constrictive Pericarditis 

A 50-year-old woman with a remote history of mediastinal lymphoma (age
on her chest (photo ... Causes = RV failure ... pericarditis (this case ... Pericarditis #Cardiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
cell and sodium increase ... This increase of ... intracellular calcium causes ... of the heart - Decreased ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Medications Used in Congestive Heart Failure

In CHF, the heart is failing as a pump; cardiac output
CHF also causes ... are designed to increase ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Clinically Significant Cardiovascular Drug-Drug Interactions With OTC Supplements and Herbal Products
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
 • Night-blooming
tea, Yohimbine - Decreases ... Broom, Yohimbine - Decreases ... ), Yohimbine - Decreases ... vera, Licorice - Causes ... pharmacology #DDI #table #cardiology
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
prolong life and decrease ... flare ups that cause ... #Management #Cardiology