22 results
Motor and Reflex Grading (0-5)

Motor Strength Grading

5	Normal

4	Reduced, moves against resistance

3	Moves against gravity

2	Moves only with elimination of
Motor and Reflex ... only 0 None Reflex ... 2 Normal 1 Decreased ... None #Motor #Reflex ... Grades #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer ... to Nephrology if ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Acute Kidney Injury - RIFLE and AKIN Criteria for Diagnosis and Classification of AKI
 • AKIN
Kidney Injury - RIFLE ... AKIN Stage 1 - Increase ... ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or increase ... #Injury #AKI #RIFLE ... Classification #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... hyperproteinemia DECREASED ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Decreased filling ... Algorithm #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Decreased Mg ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Excretion: • Decreased ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
properties useful for reflux ... additional Fe, decrease ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased ... hydronephrosis on U/S) • Reflux ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... if increased or decreased ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology