34 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... • End-stage renal ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
Vasoconstriction and decreased ... renal blood flow ... : Pre renal AKI ... KidneyDisease #nephrology ... pathophysiology #renal
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased ... - Proximal RTA Decreased ... = Hyperkalemic Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Algorithm Cause - Decreased ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... acidosis - Cl⁻ decrease ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Diagnostic algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... excretion • Acute renal ... failure • Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
hyperproteinemia DECREASED ... HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... nephrotic syndrome • renal ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Algorithm • Decreased ... bone syndrome • Renal ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Atheroemboli • Renal ... hypoperfusion Post-Renal ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
5-10 minutes) Decrease ... (if preserved renal ... management #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Decreased Mg ... Renal artery stenosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology