536 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease ... #Diagnosis #DM2
COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED MEDICATIONS THAT INCREASE OR DECREASE WARFARIN’S INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO (INR)

#Pharmacology #Warfarin #Medications #Interactions #INR
MEDICATIONS THAT INCREASE ... OR DECREASE WARFARIN ... RATIO (INR) #Pharmacology ... INR #Increases #Decreases
Pressors and Inotropes

Norepinephrine
 • alpha1 > beta 1
 • Increase SVR > Inotropy
Vasopressin
 • V1
 •
• alpha 1 • Increase ... • Inotropy > Increase ... • Inotropy, Decrease ... • Inotropy, Decrease ... #criticalcare #pharmacology
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease
 • Decreases number of pain crises (
Cell Disease • Decreases ... 4.5 vs. 2.4) • Decreases ... organ benefit and decreased ... pathophysiology #pharmacology
Diastolic Dysfunction Grading - Echocardiography
Grade 0  (Normal):
 • E/A >0.8, e’ > 8 cm/s, E/e’
Impaired Relaxation & Decreased ... Compliance • Mild Decrease ... Filling • Moderate Decrease ... enlargement • Severe Decrease ... echocardiogram #grades #diagnosis
Auto-PEEP 
What is Auto-PEEP?
 • Progressive air trapping & dynamic hyperinflation → ↑Palv at end expiration
barotrauma and decreased ... (Tflow rate = decrease ... I:E ratio, decrease ... RR) • Decrease ... PEEP #pulmonary #diagnosis
Pharmaceutical Management of Hyperthyroidism / Thyroid Storm
Beta-Blockers 
• Decreases sympathetic hyperactivity 
• Partially blocks peripheral conversion
Beta-Blockers • Decreases ... thyroid hormone • Decreases ... Steroids • Decrease ... ThyroidStorm #Management #Pharmacology
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) - Spectrum of Response
Non-response:
 • Histology: Persistent eosinophilia, ≥ 15 eos/hpf
 • Symptoms:
symptoms, <30% decrease ... findings, <30% decrease ... • Symptoms: Decreased ... symptoms, 30-90% decrease ... EoE #Response #diagnosis
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Excretion Decreased ... , Pentamidine Decreased ... Ketoconazole Decreased ... Beta-Blockers Decreased ... Pathophysiology #Pharmacology
Calcium Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridines vs Non-Dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines (amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine)
 • SVR: Decrease
 • Inotropy:
nicardipine) • SVR: Decrease ... verapamil) • SVR: Decrease ... • Inotropy: Decrease ... NonDihydropyridines #pharmacology