37 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... hyperproteinemia DECREASED ... liver failure • nephrotic ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Muehrcke's Lines (Leukonychia striata)
Narrow while transverse lines (Not depressed, compared to Beau's lines). Usually 2 or
Seen in states of decreased ... protein synthesis or increase ... chemotherapy and nephrotic ... Clinical #Photo #Sign
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
inhibition • Increase ... distal RTA • Increase ... Vasoconstriction and decreased ... Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... KidneyDisease #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... clinical context and signs ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #Injury #AKI #Workup ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased ... - Proximal RTA Decreased ... Chronic interstitial nephritis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Decreased filling ... Algorithm #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Algorithm Cause - Decreased ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... complex - Cl⁻ increase ... acidosis - Cl⁻ decrease ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Decreased Mg ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Prerenal:
 • Due to true volume loss or decreased
volume loss or decreased ... 3rd spacing • Decreased ... acute interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Diagnostic algorithm Decreased ... • Interstitial nephritis ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology