888 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
• Renal Failure ... Hypervolemic - Heart ... failure, liver ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
: Hypovolemia, Heart ... failure, Cirrhosis ... differential #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Furosemide (Lasix) Pharmacology
 • IV Furosemide in Acute Heart Failure
 • Causes of Diuretic Resistance
 •
Furosemide in Acute Heart ... FailureCauses ... #Pharmacology #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Congestive heart ... failure • Cirrhosis ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Congestive heart ... failure • Cirrhosis ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Dehydration • Heart ... failure (a.k.a. ... syndrome) • Liver failure ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
failure, liver ... failure, liver ... Kidney stones caused ... failure, liver ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hypervolemia: Congestive Heart ... Failure, Liver ... Chronic Renal Failure ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
when congestive heart ... failure is present ... shifts may be in cause ... Types #cardiology #nephrology
Causes of acute heart failure
 - Acute pressure overload (increased afterload, mechanical flow obstruction) 
 -
Causes of acute ... heart failure - ... arrhythmias #Acute #Heart ... #Failure #Differential ... #Causes #Diagnosis