15 results
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology ... failure Common ... not definitively cause ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Ozempic), or daily tablet ... atherosclerotic heart ... not definitively cause ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... : 33% • Treatment ... high CVP, left heart ... failure, positive ... diagnosis #comparison #table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
failure, liver ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
or papilledema, heart ... failure, neurologic ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... #Differential #
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
• Respiratory failure ... • Congestive heart ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... per day until stable ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... AKI - Liver failure ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... #diagnosis #causes
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... pneumonia • DM ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... Lung Abscess Differential ... Abscess #pulmonary #differential
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Differential Diagnosis ... suppression test → ⨁ if failure ... or refractory cases ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology