15 results
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology ... failure Common ... not definitively cause ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Inpatient Medication Guide

Classes: Biguanide, Sulfonylurea, TZD, DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i,
Guide Classes ... Diabetes #Mellitus #DM2 ... #pharmacology # ... comparison #table ... #endocrinology
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology ... Ozempic), or daily tablet ... atherosclerotic heart ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... failure, liver ... Kidney stones caused ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... or papilledema, heart ... failure, neurologic ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... #indications
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Myocardial ischemia - Heart ... failure - Diffuse ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... failure -(rare) ... failure ++, Valve ... in up to 30% of cases ... #table
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... high CVP, left heart ... failure, positive ... Reactions #hematology #diagnosis ... #comparison #table
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Diagnosis Framework ... AKI - Liver failure ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... #causes #stroke
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... possibly renal failure ... posterior MSK, heart ... #Management #Signs