46 results
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... Diagnosis Algorithm Signs ... of anemia and hemolysis ... Immune-mediated Hemolysis ... Nonimmune-mediated Hemolysis
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:
 • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated
 • Etiology:
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... Spherocytes • Treatment ... Mostly transient hemolysis ... • Treatment: Warm
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... DIAGNOSE AIHA • Anemia ... reticulocytes • Hemolysis ... Autoimmune #Hemolytic #Anemia ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script
Signs and symptoms:
 • Recurrent infections from neutropenia
 • Mucosal bleeding from
Aplastic Anemia ... Illness Script Signs ... • Symptomatic anemia ... Treatment: • Consider ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Pulmonary: Cough, hemoptysis ... lupus pernio • Cardiac ... Diagnosis #Symptoms #Signs
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... (AIHA) Treatment ... > 10, no more hemolysis ... Autoimmune #Hemolytic #Anemia ... #AIHA #Treatment
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Pulmonary Edema - Cardiac ... - Tetany - Cardiac ... -DPG -> - hemolysis ... - anemia ... pathophysiology #symptoms #signs
Symptoms of Hypophosphatemia
 • CNS: Seizures, Delirium, Paresthesias, Central & extrapontine myelinolysis, Hallucinations, Fatigue
 • Hematologic:
• Hematologic: Hemolysis ... Thrombocytopenia • Cardiac ... Phosphate #Symptoms #Signs
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
bloodstream Hemolysis ... • Hemolytic Anemias ... , PNH, immune hemolysis ... - Pernicious anemia ... thrombosis Cardiac
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... aHUS, mechanical cardiac ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis ... ARUPLabs #Hemolytic #Anemia