23 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - DI, Central ... , Loop diuretics ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Osmotic diuresis ... • Central diabetes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
HINTS Exam - Distinguishing Central from Peripheral Vertigo
 • Head Impulse: Head thrust 10° with eyes
Distinguishing Central ... TylerLarsenMD #HINTS #physicalexam ... #Vertigo #diagnosis ... #neurology #bppv ... #comparison #table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... Diabetes insipidus (central ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
- Differential Diagnosis ... 3L /day Water Diuresis ... Polydipsia • Central ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... : Conventional diuretics ... Insipidus): • Central ... #Causes #nephrology
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
patients with a central ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... #Neurology #AVS ... CVA #Peripheral #Central
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Renal Sodium loss (diuretics ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Elimination (see Table ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl- (central ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology