11 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuria, Thiazides Hypercalcemia ... intoxication #Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Elevated PTH (High ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... MultipleEndocrineNeoplasia #Differential ... #Endocrinology ... #Classification
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... PTH - Frankly high ... BrighamChiefs #Hypercalcemia ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Benign Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperplasia - Often Bilateral
 • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
 • ACTH
Adrenal Mass - Differential ... Hypertension +/- Hypokalemia ... • Other #AdrenalMass ... #Benign #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Treatment is aimed ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Malignant Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Suggestive of Malignancy: Inhomogenous Density, Delay in CT Contrast Washout
Adrenal Mass - Differential ... Hypertension +/- Hypokalemia ... Carcinoma #AdrenalMass ... #Malignant #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Drug-induced • High ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Hyperuricemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... - Antiviral treatment ... Renal #stones #differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia ... malignancies Treatment ... Cancer #Oncology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Classification