20 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
and Gitelman syndrome ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... , Diuretic phase ... causes #nephrology #magnesium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... : • Aluminum/Magnesium
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... failure, acute ... , thiazide diuretics ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia
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Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Malabsorption RENAL ... > 10g • Loop Diuretics ... • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... • Thiazide Diuretics
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Drug-induced • High ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... - Antiviral treatment ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... #stones #differential
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Table