14 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Osmotic diuresis ... #Magnesium #Table
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
with secondary, hypocalcemia ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... , Diuretic phase ... causes #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... : • Aluminum/Magnesium
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... failure, acute ... , thiazide diuretics ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Malabsorption RENAL ... > 10g • Loop Diuretics ... • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... • Thiazide Diuretics ... #Low #Causes #Differential
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... - Antiviral treatment ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... #stones #differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Medications #Table
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Drug-induced • High ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... contracted • Loop diuretics ... • Thiazide diuretics ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Before evaluating hypokalemia ... in evaluating hypokalemia ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... @krithicism #Hypokalemia