14 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... #Differential # ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
injury, often from vascular ... Syndrome ->Cord ... Mixed upper and lower ... pathophysiology #signs ... #orthopedics #neurology
Causes of Hypotonic Infant (Floppy Newborn) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Central Nervous System - Decreased LOC, Axial
System - Decreased LOC ... Other Congenital Syndromes ... - Spinal Cord ... • Spinal Muscular ... #Causes #Peds #Pediatrics
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... • Symptoms and signs ... Vascular/Blockage ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... #differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
symptoms: • Severe low ... constipation Differential ... Diagnosis: • Spinal cord ... spondylitis • Tethered cord ... #differential #
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... of the spinal cord ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... myopathies, the muscular ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... , TTKG, distal flow ... Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Segment Elevation - Differential ... STE: "Pardee's sign ... Disorders: • Hyperkalemia ... waves (Eiffel Tower ... sign) and low-amplitude
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Unexplained hypokalemia ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology