23 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... long-standing secondary ... Insufficiency ... #Differential # ... #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Differential Diagnosis ... , hypotension, hyponatremia ... , hyperkalemia, ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... • Sarcoidosis (elevated ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... insufficiency ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... ) • Calcium ... High PTH • Secondary ... #Phosphate #endocrinology
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
absorption - Hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... insufficiency ( ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Mg: GI losses, Renal ... Intact PTH Level Elevated ... - Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... hyperparathyroidism ... gland removal Renal ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology