12 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
resorption: • Primary ... hyperparathyroidism ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... long-standing secondary ... #Differential # ... #Endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
- Primary vs Secondary ... Tertiary Lab Comparison ... : • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... : ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... ) • Calcium ... High PTH • Secondary ... #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... or normal): • Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #causes #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Endocrine • Hyperparathyroidism ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... • Alcohol #gout ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
structure-related • Primary ... hyperparathyroidism ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
, hypotension, hyponatremia ... , hyperkalemia, ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... baseline ACTH - Secondary ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
severe illness - Secondary ... hyperparathyroidism ... low circulating calcium ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
- Hypercalcemic ... states - Primary ... or secondary aldosteronism ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #