8 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy ... #urology #blood
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... Immune mediated injury ... RBC casts → Diagnostic ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Acute Kidney Injury ... cell casts on UA ... tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts ... #AKI #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... #AKI #Workup #Algorithm ... #causes
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
: (AKI, proteinuria ... injury), Coags ... reveals increasing blood ... , RBC casts, low ... hypercellular glomeruli
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Urinary casts ... used with normal renal ... Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) FE Na < ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, or acute ... bland urine, no hematuria ... Bland urine (no casts ... , protein, or blood ... essential in all cases