2945 results
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
- Vasopressin-Dependent ... - Vasopressin-independent ... differential #algorithm #causes
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... Algorithm ACTH-Dependent ... Dysfunction ACTH-Independent ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Parathyroid hormone–independent ... hormone–related protein dependent ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Algorithm ADH Independent ... ADH Dependent: ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Erythrocytosis - Polycythemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Elevated Hemoglobin:
 • Males: Hb > 16.5 g/dL/HCT ≥ 49%
 •
Polycythemia - Acquired Causes ... habitat • Hypoxia-independent
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Liver disease (independent ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Echocardiography
Right ventricular function can be assessed using several methods and echocardiography is generally the first‐line tool
used and has an independent ... predictive of all‐cause
Hip fracture 
75% happen to older women
Leading cause of morbidity (30%–50% lose functional independence) & mortality
women Leading cause ... lose functional independence
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
other obvious causes ... - Mechanism: causes ... sGC receptors independent
Hyponatremia Algorithm - ADH Dependent vs Independent
#Diagnosis #Nephro #Hyponatremia #ADHIndependent #Differential #Algorithm
Algorithm - ADH Dependent ... vs Independent