2962 results
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
- Vasopressin-Dependent ... - Vasopressin-independent ... differential #algorithm #causes
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... Algorithm ACTH-Dependent ... Dysfunction ACTH-Independent ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Algorithm ADH Independent ... ADH Dependent: ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Parathyroid hormone–independent ... hormone–related protein dependent ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Erythrocytosis - Polycythemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Elevated Hemoglobin:
 • Males: Hb > 16.5 g/dL/HCT ≥ 49%
 •
Polycythemia - Acquired Causes ... habitat • Hypoxia-independent
Echocardiography
Right ventricular function can be assessed using several methods and echocardiography is generally the first‐line tool
used and has an independent ... predictive of all‐cause
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Liver disease (independent ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hip fracture 
75% happen to older women
Leading cause of morbidity (30%–50% lose functional independence) & mortality
women Leading cause ... lose functional independence
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
other obvious causes ... - Mechanism: causes ... sGC receptors independent
Hyponatremia Algorithm - ADH Dependent vs Independent
#Diagnosis #Nephro #Hyponatremia #ADHIndependent #Differential #Algorithm
Algorithm - ADH Dependent ... vs Independent