23 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
vasoconstrictive • Acute ... and flame hemorrhages ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Autoimmune Post-Renal ... #algorithm
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
Differential Diagnosis Chronic ... pituitary tumor) Acute ... Vein Occlusion, Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... at least 50% Renal ... ) • Ischemia ( ... Sjögren) Post-Renal
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... or chronic renal
Diffuse Acute Abdominal Pain (<72 hours) - Differential Diagnostic Algorithm
Look for surgical abdomen
Upper quadrant: R/O cardiac,
Diffuse Acute Abdominal ... cardiac, pulmonary, renal ... musculoskeletal causes ... genitourinary causes ... • Mesenteric ischemia
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
(ALL) • Acute ... Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic ... renal failure ... endocrinology #causes
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... Pancreatitis, surgery, acute ... phosphate intake and renal ... Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Chronic ... #Causes #algorithm
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Refeeding Syndrome • Acute ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... • Anorexia • Chronic ... endocrinology #causes