67 results
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute leukemia ... #hematology #oncology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Leukemia, Tumour ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Spurious:
 • Artifact (redo CBC)
Autonomous:
 • Essential thrombocytosis
 • Polycythemia
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia ... #Hematology
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
Jaundice - Differential ... • Gilbert's Syndrome ... Crigler-Najjar Syndromes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hepatology #bilirubinemia
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... malignancies • Anemia ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Chronic myeloid leukemia ... #hematology #secondary
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of Jaundice ... (eg, hemolytic anemias ... postoperative jaundice ... miscellaneous causes ... #differential #causes
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script
Signs and symptoms:
 • Recurrent infections from neutropenia
 • Mucosal bleeding from
Aplastic Anemia ... Treatment: • Consider ... to MDS or acute leukemia ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #hematology
Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Platelet Count > 450
Reactive:
 • Anemia/blood loss (Fe deficiency)
 • Infection/Sepsis
 • Non-infectious
Reactive: • Anemia ... Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #Platelets #hematology
Hyperviscosity Syndrome - Causes and Treatment

 - Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (most common) / Plasmapheresis 
 - Multiple
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... - Causes and Treatment ... Plasmapheresis - Leukemia ... Hydroxyurea - Leukemia ... #Causes #Differential
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Cancer: • Leukemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology