31 results
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
- No calcium load ... Minimal calcium load ... - No calcium load ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Nephrology
Interpreting Kidney Biomarkers

↑ Creatinine: 
 • AKI, CKD
 • Medications that lead to nephroprotective ↓ in
Medications that lead ... diagnosis #laboratory #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Exogenous solute load ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Acute Phosphate Load ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
iatrogenic K+ load ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Altered Urine Color ... Toxins: lead ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Increased potassium load ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Peripheral Weakness without Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Objective Weakness
 • Cardio-pulmonary disease
Hyperreflexia • Lead ... Peripheral #Weakness #Neurology
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
Neurogenic Ptosis - Neurologic ... brainstem may lead ... Enophthalmos • Lid ... Syndrome #Ptosis #neurology ... Differential #Diagnosis #ophthalmology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
skin lesions, LAD ... causes #radiology #neurology