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diagnosis differential management pharmacology treatment algorithm cardiology digoxin diuresis diuretics emergencies excretion hemeonc hypokalemia hyponatremia hypotonic low medications oncologic oncology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... : • Tissue injury ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... glycosides • High ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pump - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... high potassium levels ... , in states of hypokalemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... #nephrology #K
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na+K ... diuresis can be high ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
full infectious work-up ... K, high Phos, high ... Treat underlying cause ... interventional radiology ... plasmapheresis Hypercalcemia
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