13 results
Bilirubin Metabolism - Pathophysiology
 • Conjugated Bilirubin
 • Unconjugated Bilirubin

By Dr. Khushboo Gala @LouLectures

#Bilirubin #Metabolism #Pathophysiology
Bilirubin Metabolism ... - Pathophysiology ... • Conjugated Bilirubin ... #Metabolism #Pathophysiology ... #hepatology #Liver
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Liver Chemistry ... Phosphatase and Bilirubin ... initial insult Bilirubin ... ASTALT #AlkPhos #Bilirubin ... #Hepatology #Pathophysiology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Renal Disease, Liver ... Reticulocytosis • Liver ... #MCV #Classification ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Increased Unconjugated Bilirubin ... #Classification ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Commonly Observed Laboratory Findings in Hepatic / Liver Failure
 - Elevated conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin -
and unconjugated bilirubin ... and excretion of bilirubin ... deficiency - Anemia ... leads to chronic anemia ... LiverFailure #Hepatic #Hepatology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Defects, Drugs, Liver ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... - Unconjugated Bilirubin ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
for Hemolytic Anemia ... Extrinsic Causes: • Liver ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... Diagnosis #causes #classification ... #hematology
CHA2DS2VASc vs HAS-BLED scores for stroke risk and bleed risk on anticoagulation

C	Congestive Heart Failure	1

H	Hypertension	1

A2	Age >75	2

D	Diabetes Mellitus	1

S2	Stroke,
Abnormal renal/liver ... >2.3mg/dL) 1 Liver ... (cirrhosis, bilirubin ... Bleeding history/anemia ... AFib #Diagnosis #Hematology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis/Liver ... slightly elevated • Bilirubin ... or higher • Liver ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
with leukopenia, anemia ... thrombocytopenia • Liver ... ↑ AST ↑ ALT ↑ bilirubin ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology