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Some of the techniques used for Antenatal Diagnosis

Amniocentesis 
 - Chromosome/micro-array and DNA analysis 
 -
— PCR Fetal blood ... serology - Fetal blood ... genetic analysis of cells ... surgery, e.g. laser photo-coagulation ... #Laboratory #Obstetrics
ABG vs VBG: Arterial vs Venous Blood Gases

ABG
PROS: Tells you exactly what the arterial environment looks
Arterial vs Venous Blood ... Gases ABG PROS ... : Tells you exactly ... exams #ABG #VBG #Laboratory ... Comparison #pH #pCO2 #Diagnosis
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... • Asplenia Laboratory ... turnover • Acute blood ... HbA1c #HgbA1c #Laboratory ... Increase #Decrease #Diagnosis
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
- Differential Diagnosis ... neutrophil count < 500 cells ... Constipation • Nausea ... Hyponatremia • Nausea ... #differential #diagnosis
Schistocytes can assume a shape resembling natural or man-made objects such as arrowheads, fish, collar buttons,
In this case, arrows ... point to helmet cells ... seen in the left photo ... In the right photo ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
- Differential Diagnosis ... Glomerular (red blood ... cells/proteinuria ... eosinophils/white blood ... treating underlying cause
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
about 95% of NMS cases ... A laboratory profile ... (CK) and white blood ... cells. ... #Diagnosis #Serotonin
Ruptured Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy on Pelvic Ultrasound

Young female.  Lower abdominal pain/VB.  UCG pos. Soft
Pregnancy on Pelvic Ultrasound ... Diagnosis/differential ... amount of clotted blood ... to miss clotted blood ... #Ultrasound #clinical
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Diffuse Lymphadenopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Reactive:
 - Systemic Inflammatory
     •
Causes of Diffuse ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Reed-Sternberg Cells ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hematology #Oncology